Migrating from Selenium 3 to 4

// SELENIUM 3
DesiredCapabilities caps = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
caps.setCapability("version", "92");
caps.setCapability("platform", "Windows 10");
caps.setCapability("build", "nightly-123");        // vendor key at top level: rejected by W3C
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(gridUrl, caps);

// SELENIUM 4
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.setBrowserVersion("92");
options.setPlatformName("Windows 10");
Map<String, Object> cloudOptions = new HashMap<>();
cloudOptions.put("build", "nightly-123");
options.setCapability("cloud:options", cloudOptions);   // vendor prefix
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(gridUrl, options);

# SELENIUM 3
caps = DesiredCapabilities.CHROME.copy()
caps["version"] = "92"
caps["platform"] = "Windows 10"
caps["build"] = "nightly-123"                     # rejected by W3C
driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=grid_url, desired_capabilities=caps)

# SELENIUM 4  (desired_capabilities argument was removed in 4.10)
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.browser_version = "92"
options.platform_name = "Windows 10"
options.set_capability("cloud:options", {"build": "nightly-123"})
driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=grid_url, options=options)

// SELENIUM 3
const caps = { browserName: 'chrome', version: '92', platform: 'Windows 10', build: 'nightly-123' };
const driver = new Builder().usingServer(gridUrl).withCapabilities(caps).build();

// SELENIUM 4
const chrome = require('selenium-webdriver/chrome');
const options = new chrome.Options()
.setBrowserVersion('92')
.setPlatformName('Windows 10')
.set('cloud:options', { build: 'nightly-123' });
const driver = await new Builder().usingServer(gridUrl).forBrowser('chrome').setChromeOptions(options).build();

// SELENIUM 3
var caps = new DesiredCapabilities("chrome", "92", new Platform(PlatformType.Windows));
caps.SetCapability("build", "nightly-123");
var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(gridUri, caps);

// SELENIUM 4
var options = new ChromeOptions { BrowserVersion = "92", PlatformName = "Windows 10" };
options.AddAdditionalOption("cloud:options", new Dictionary<string, object> { ["build"] = "nightly-123" });
// AddAdditionalCapability was replaced by AddAdditionalOption
var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(gridUri, options);

import java.time.Duration;

// SELENIUM 3
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);

// SELENIUM 4
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(10));
driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30));
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));

# Python signatures did not change; seconds are still floats
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.set_page_load_timeout(30)
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

# Removed in 4.x: driver.find_element_by_id(...) and friends (deprecated in 4.0, removed 4.3)
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver.find_element(By.ID, "username")

// Timeouts are set through manage().setTimeouts with milliseconds
await driver.manage().setTimeouts({ implicit: 10000, pageLoad: 30000, script: 30000 });

// Explicit waits unchanged
await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id('result')), 10000);

// TimeSpan was already the C# convention; unchanged
driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);
driver.Manage().Timeouts().PageLoad = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
var wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));

// ExpectedConditions moved to the DotNetSeleniumExtras.WaitHelpers package,
// or write lambdas: wait.Until(d => d.FindElement(By.Id("result")).Displayed);

// SELENIUM 3
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/opt/drivers/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// SELENIUM 4: preferred, let Selenium Manager resolve the driver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// SELENIUM 4: explicit path when you must (air-gapped CI)
ChromeDriverService service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder()
  .usingDriverExecutable(new File("/opt/drivers/chromedriver"))
  .build();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(service, new ChromeOptions());

# SELENIUM 3
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="/opt/drivers/chromedriver")

# SELENIUM 4: preferred
driver = webdriver.Chrome()

# SELENIUM 4: explicit path
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
service = Service(executable_path="/opt/drivers/chromedriver")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)

// SELENIUM 3: required the chromedriver npm package on PATH
// SELENIUM 4: preferred
const driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();

// Explicit path
const chrome = require('selenium-webdriver/chrome');
const service = new chrome.ServiceBuilder('/opt/drivers/chromedriver');
const driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').setChromeService(service).build();

// SELENIUM 3
var driver = new ChromeDriver(@"C:\drivers");

// SELENIUM 4: preferred
var driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Explicit path
var service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService(@"C:\drivers", "chromedriver.exe");
var driver = new ChromeDriver(service, new ChromeOptions());