What's New in Selenium 4

import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with;

WebElement password = driver.findElement(By.id("password"));

// The text input directly above the password field
WebElement email = driver.findElement(
  with(By.tagName("input")).above(password)
);

// Chain constraints: a button below the email field and to the right of "Cancel"
WebElement submit = driver.findElement(
  with(By.tagName("button"))
      .below(By.id("email"))
      .toRightOf(By.id("cancel"))
);

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import locate_with

password = driver.find_element(By.ID, "password")

# The text input directly above the password field
email = driver.find_element(locate_with(By.TAG_NAME, "input").above(password))

# Chain constraints
submit = driver.find_element(
  locate_with(By.TAG_NAME, "button").below({By.ID: "email"}).to_right_of({By.ID: "cancel"})
)

const { By, locateWith } = require('selenium-webdriver');

const password = await driver.findElement(By.id('password'));

// The text input directly above the password field
const email = await driver.findElement(locateWith(By.tagName('input')).above(password));

// Chain constraints
const submit = await driver.findElement(
locateWith(By.tagName('button')).below(By.id('email')).toRightOf(By.id('cancel'))
);

using OpenQA.Selenium;

IWebElement password = driver.FindElement(By.Id("password"));

// The text input directly above the password field
IWebElement email = driver.FindElement(
  RelativeBy.WithLocator(By.TagName("input")).Above(password)
);

// Chain constraints
IWebElement submit = driver.FindElement(
  RelativeBy.WithLocator(By.TagName("button")).Below(By.Id("email")).RightOf(By.Id("cancel"))
);

import org.openqa.selenium.WindowType;

// Opens a new tab and switches to it
driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);
driver.get("https://example.com/help");

// Opens a new window and switches to it
driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);

# Opens a new tab and switches to it
driver.switch_to.new_window("tab")
driver.get("https://example.com/help")

# Opens a new window and switches to it
driver.switch_to.new_window("window")

// Opens a new tab and switches to it
await driver.switchTo().newWindow('tab');
await driver.get('https://example.com/help');

// Opens a new window and switches to it
await driver.switchTo().newWindow('window');

// Opens a new tab and switches to it
driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab);
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://example.com/help");

// Opens a new window and switches to it
driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window);

// Screenshot of one element
WebElement chart = driver.findElement(By.id("revenue-chart"));
File png = chart.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
Files.copy(png.toPath(), Path.of("revenue-chart.png"), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);

// Reach inside a web component
WebElement host = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("date-picker"));
SearchContext shadow = host.getShadowRoot();
WebElement day = shadow.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.day"));

# Screenshot of one element
chart = driver.find_element(By.ID, "revenue-chart")
chart.screenshot("revenue-chart.png")

# Reach inside a web component
host = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "date-picker")
shadow = host.shadow_root
day = shadow.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input.day")

const fs = require('fs');

// Screenshot of one element
const chart = await driver.findElement(By.id('revenue-chart'));
fs.writeFileSync('revenue-chart.png', await chart.takeScreenshot(), 'base64');

// Reach inside a web component
const host = await driver.findElement(By.css('date-picker'));
const shadow = await host.getShadowRoot();
const day = await shadow.findElement(By.css('input.day'));

// Screenshot of one element
IWebElement chart = driver.FindElement(By.Id("revenue-chart"));
((ITakesScreenshot)chart).GetScreenshot().SaveAsFile("revenue-chart.png");

// Reach inside a web component
IWebElement host = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("date-picker"));
ISearchContext shadow = host.GetShadowRoot();
IWebElement day = shadow.FindElement(By.CssSelector("input.day"));

// No System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", ...) needed
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Ask Selenium Manager for a specific browser build (downloads Chrome for Testing if absent)
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.setBrowserVersion("128");
WebDriver pinned = new ChromeDriver(options);

from selenium import webdriver

# No executable_path needed
driver = webdriver.Chrome()

# Ask Selenium Manager for a specific browser build
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.browser_version = "128"
pinned = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

const { Builder, Browser } = require('selenium-webdriver');
const chrome = require('selenium-webdriver/chrome');

// No driver path needed
const driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).build();

// Ask Selenium Manager for a specific browser build
const options = new chrome.Options().setBrowserVersion('128');
const pinned = await new Builder().forBrowser(Browser.CHROME).setChromeOptions(options).build();

// No driver path needed
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Ask Selenium Manager for a specific browser build
var options = new ChromeOptions { BrowserVersion = "128" };
IWebDriver pinned = new ChromeDriver(options);

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.setCapability("webSocketUrl", true);
RemoteWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

driver.script().addConsoleMessageHandler(entry ->
  System.out.println("[console." + entry.getLevel() + "] " + entry.getText()));

driver.script().addJavaScriptErrorHandler(error ->
  System.err.println("[js error] " + error.getText()));

from selenium import webdriver

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.enable_bidi = True
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

driver.script.add_console_message_handler(
  lambda entry: print(f"[console.{entry.level}] {entry.text}"))

driver.script.add_javascript_error_handler(
  lambda error: print(f"[js error] {error.text}"))

const chrome = require('selenium-webdriver/chrome');

const options = new chrome.Options().enableBidi();
const driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').setChromeOptions(options).build();

await driver.script().addConsoleMessageHandler((entry) =>
console.log(`[console.${entry.level}] ${entry.text}`));

await driver.script().addJavaScriptErrorHandler((error) =>
console.error(`[js error] ${error.text}`));

var options = new ChromeOptions { UseWebSocketUrl = true };
var driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

// .NET exposes BiDi through an async session object
var bidi = await driver.AsBiDiAsync();
await bidi.Log.OnEntryAddedAsync(entry =>
  Console.WriteLine($"[{entry.Level}] {entry.Text}"));